Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal - 2019; 6(3)

Editorial

Serg�l DUYGULU — 2019-12-01

The Elderly Medication Use Behaviors That Cause Medication Non-Compliance and Its Association with Their Health Literacy Levels

�zlem �ZTA�, G�lbahar KORKMAZ ASLAN — 2019-12-01

Aim: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between medication use behaviors that cause medication non-compliance and the level of health literacy in elderly individuals. Material and Methods: This study was descriptive and cross-sectional. The universe of the study was composed of 1654 individiuals who were 65 years and older and registered to two family health centers in Denizli. The sample of the study included 280 individuals who admitted to family health centers due to any reason. Data of the study were collected between September 2016 and April 2017. Data were collected by using Identification Form for Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Status of Elderly, Identification Form for Knowledge and Behaviors of Elderly towards Medication Use and Adult Health Literacy Scale. Numbers, percentage and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: It was determined that the most common medication use behaviors that cause medication non-compliance was forgetting to take medications (46.4%). The mean score of the health literacy scale was found to be 11.75 � 3.97 and it was considered as medium-level. According to logistic regression analysis, low health literacy levels was found to be associated with the behaviors of forgetting to take the medications and discontinuing medication without asking doctor when felt good. Conclusion: Low health literacy level was found to be associated with the behaviors of forgetting to take the medications and discontinuing medication without asking doctor when felt good. Based on these results, it can be suggested that it is required to address especially the behaviors of forgetting to take medications and quitting to take medications without asking a doctor among the elderly individuals, who have a low health literacy level.

The Reasons for Not Reporting Medical Errors of Nurses

Hilal Hatice �LK�, G�leng�n T�RK — 2019-12-01

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the reasons why nurses did not report medical errors. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 171 nurses working at a university hospital. The data were collected by using a questionnaire, consisting of 21-items on the reasons of not reporting medical error. Descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: The average age of the nurses in the study was 27.52 � 6.9, 89.9% were women and 45.9% had bachelor�s degree. 81.8% of nurses stated that they encountered medical errors, most of which were drugs (66.2%) and registration errors (51.4%), and 66.1% reported that they reported errors. The reason for not reporting medical errors of nurses was mainly because they believe that the nurses will be blamed if the patient has a negative situation (72.97%). A statistically significant difference was found between the idea of dismissal when the nurses reported an error and the year of work. When reporting errors, there was a statistically significant difference between getting negative reactions from physicians, getting penalty from hospital management, and thoughts that there are too many error reporting forms (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that more than half of the nurses reported medical errors; they did not report medical errors with the intention of being accused, being prosecuted, receiving negative reactions from patients, relatives and physicians, and being punished by the hospital management.

Turkish Version of the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire (B-APQ): Validity and Reliability Study

Bilge BAL �ZKAPTAN, Sevgisun KAPUCU, �matullah AKYAR — 2019-12-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to perform validity and reliability examination of the Turkish version of the Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire: B-APQ. Material and Methods: This study was conducted as a methodological study with 170 community-dwelling older adults residing in urban area of Sinop. �Individual Information Form� and �Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire� were used for data collection. In the first phase of the study, language and content validity was tested and, in the second phase of the study, reliability analyzes were conducted. Results: The mean age of the participants was 71.5�7.42 years, and the majority of them was male (69.4%). The content validity ratio and content validity index (CVI) of the form items evaluated by five experts were calculated as 1.0. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, 17th item was removed, and the final scale consisted of 16 items. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, 𝜒2/𝑠𝑑 was calculated as lower than 3, comparative fit index (CFI) was 1.00, Goodness of fit index (GFI) was 0.96 and Normed fit index (NFI) was 0.94. The Cronbach�s alpha value was found as 0.63, and four subscales as follows: timeline-chronic 0.94, consequences positive 0.80, control positive 0.92, consequences and control negative 0.77, and emotional representations 0.37. Conclusion: The study results showed that the Turkish version of the B-APQ is a valid and reliable tool. It can be used in the studies that evaluate the aging perceptions elderly people.

Analysis of Physical Forces Exposed by Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units

Ebru ARSLAN �ZDEM�R, �zlem �RSAL — 2019-12-01

Aim: During the shift, nurses working in intensive care units perform activities that require physical strain such as lifting, pushing and turning patients who weigh much more than their own weight. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the repetitive movements observed in nurses working in intensive care units and musculoskeletal disorders according to ergonomic risk analysis. Material and Methods: This study was conducted with 98 nurses working in five intensive care units of a state hospital between February-April 2017 by using a questionnaire developed by the researchers and REBA employee evaluation form through observations. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 32.50�7.3 and the mean body mass index was 23.51. It was found that 46.9% of the nurses worked in 3rd stage ICU, 29.6%, 2nd stage ICU, 9.2% in Coronary ICU, 6.1% in Chest ICU and 8.2% in Neurology ICU. was also found. In our study, the mean score obtained from REBA was 8.71 � 1.74 (min. 5.00 - max. 13.00) as a result of body posture evaluation in the repetitive movements of the nurses and 63.3% of the nurses were found to be at high risk. The REBA scores of the nurses with neck, shoulder, back and ankle pain were higher (p <.05). Conclusion: Most of the nurses working at intensive care unit have musculoskeletal problems. It will be beneficial to use beds / assist devices which reduce the burden of nurses in patient positioning in intensive care units.

The Comparison of the Quality of Sleep, Stress, Well-being and Reaction Time Among Health Care Professionals with Shift and Day Workers

Gonca BUM�N, �brahim Yavuz TATLI, Mustafa CEMAL�, Sevgi KARA, G�k�en AKY�REK — 2019-12-01

Aim: This study was conducted to compare sleep quality, reaction rate, stress and well-being of health workers that working daily and night shifts. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted to 77 volunteer, health care professional (doctors, nurses, health technician) working in five different state and university hospital and working in different shifts. Participants are divided into two groups as shift workers and day or night workers. Research data were collected by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological Well-Being Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and android applications located Human Benchmark Reaction Rate Scale was applied to all groups. Results: In this study, sleep quality, reaction rate, perceived stress levels and psychological well-being scores were compared between these two groups. According to this, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of sleep quality scores and reaction rate periods; It was shown that this difference was due to the fact that the sleep quality and reaction speed averages of the night-shift workers were higher than the daytime workers (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of perceived stress levels and psychological well-being (p˃0.05). Conclusion: The results show that it is important to ensure that the measures aimed at improving the quality of sleep that directly affect the health and well-being of employees working in institutions that affect human life are both by institution and by law.

The Assessment of The Intramuscular and Intravenous Drug Administration Steps of Nurses: Observation Study

Nuray CANER, P�nar TEK�NSOY KARTIN — 2019-12-01

Aim: This descriptive study was conducted in order to assess the steps of intramuscular and intravenous drug administrations performed by nurses. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive research performed using observational method. The nurses who agreed to participate (n=34) were included in the study. The data were collected using a questionnaire, which was prepared by the researcher via reviewing the literature, and using the observation form which was composed of intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) drug administration steps. Before data collection verbal and written were received consent of nurses and institution and ethics committee. Results: it was observed that, although 85.3% of the nurses stated that the expiration dates of drugs should always be controlled, the expiration dates of drugs were not controlled in all of the administrations observed; although 79.4% of them stated that hands should always be washed before the procedure, hand washing was not observed in 34.9% of participants. That drugs were not diluted with the correct amount of fluid and they were not administered in the correct amounts in 61.8% of the IM drug administrations and 50.0% of the IV drug administrations. Conclusion: It was observed that the nurses had enough knowledge of the drug administration steps but they failed to perform the drug administration steps correctly.

An Alternative Method in the Collection of Menstrual Blood: Menstrual Cup

Filiz DE��RMENC�, Duygu VEF�KULU�AY YILMAZ — 2019-12-01

Women in reproductive age experience menstrual period with vaginal bleeding covering a period of 3-5 days periodically every month. It is very important, in terms of women health, to provide necessary hygiene during these periods. Inadequate management of menstrual hygiene affects women's physical as well as mental and social health negatively. Therefore, the methods used to collect menstrual blood in the management of menstrual hygiene should be assessed in terms of features such as hygiene and comfort provided to women. Some of these methods, which have an effective role in maintaining menstrual hygiene management, are pads made from household fabrics, disposable pads and tampons. Today, apart from these, another method which has a long history and wide usage in many part of the world, whereas has little awareness and rare application in Turkey is menstrual cup. In this review, the structure of menstrual cup, how it is used, its usage status from yesterday to today, relevant studies on this topic and advantages and disadvantages of the menstrual cup are discussed which are very little known in Turkey.

Problems and Quality of Life of Family Members Caring Cancer Patients' and Interventions

Sevcan TOPTA� KILI�, Fatma �Z — 2019-12-01

Cancer, one of the biggest reasons of the deaths both in the World and in Turkey, is a long-term disease in which the patients care continues not only in the hospital but also at home and the family members who care for the patient as well as the patient are adversely affected. As well as the affected life of the person suffering from the disease, the lives of the people who provide care are affected physically, emotionally, socially and economically. Family caregivers are trying to balance their needs and aspirations as well as the responsibilities of the care role. While trying to do so, their quality of life can be adversely affected by this process. In this review, how the quality of life of family members caring for cancer patients is affected by the caregiving process and interventions for caregivers are presented.

Medication Administration Errors and Nursing Interventions in Newborns

Emine BAYAR, Ebru KILI�ARSLAN T�R�NER — 2019-12-01

Newborns constitute a significant percentage of the world's population. One of the factors affecting mortality rates and patient safety of newborns is administration errors in health field. Medication administration errors are in the first place. Special dose drug protocols, effectiveness, pharmacokinetics and dynamic of the drugs in newborns pave the way for medication errors. Additionally, physiological maturation and limitation of the communication increase the exposure to medication errors. The main reasons of medication errors are miscalculation of doses and administration at the wrong time. The most common drug types causing errors are antibiotics and analgesics. As a result of medication errors, approximately 1% of permanent damage and death can be seen. It is recommended to use integrated automation systems to reduce medication administration errors and to ensure safe drug delivery. Nurses have crucial role in detecting and preventing errors in order to reduce risks during medication administration process in newborns and children. Safe medication administration will increase physical, emotional and social well-being of newborns. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview for medication error types in newborns, its causes, problems arising from these errors and prevention of medication administration errors.

Nursing Care in Newborns with Gastrointestinal System Obstruction

Arife G�KBA�, Dilek D�LL�, Ay�e KARAMAN, �brahim KARAMAN — 2019-12-01

Gastrointestinal system (GIS) obstruction is the partial or complete inhibition of the distal passage of the digestive system contents. Prenatal ultrasonography is valuable in the preliminary diagnosis; postnatal further investigation is required for definitive diagnosis. A good maternal history can give clues about GIS obstructions. Polyhydramnios and a family history of congenital defects suggest GIS obstructions. After delivery, findings such as respiratory distress that usually begins 24-48 hours after birth, excessive mucus and salivary secretion from mouth and nose, bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, jaundice, inability to pass meconium, and inability to advance the nasogastric catheter is valuable in the diagnosis. GIS anomalies in neonatal period are important causes of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. In recent years, the improvements in nursing care as well as the development of intensive care units and surgical techniques have significantly reduced the morbidity and mortality rates in these cases. In this article, the contribution of the nursing care to the treatment and recovery process of patients with GIS obstruction was presented.