Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing Journal - 2019; 6(2)

De�erli Okurlar�m�za,

Serg�l DUYGULU — 2019-03-01

Using Progressive Relaxation Exercises in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: Systematic Review

Cemile K�TME� YILMAZ, Sevgisun KAPUCU — 2019-03-01

Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercise (PMR) on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Material and Methods: In order to determine the effects of PMR in COPD patients, 2553 studies were reviewed by using Ulakbim, PubMed and Science Direct databases with the last search date of July 2018 and 310 articles related to PMR were reached. 8 studies that met the study criteria were reviewed in terms of objectives, methods, findings and outcome. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies investigating the effects of PMR on COPD patients were included in the study. Results: In this study, seven RCTs and one quasi-experimental study were examined. The studies reported that PMR were effective in decreasing fatigue, anxiety and depression and increasing sleep quality in COPD patients. In addition, it was also found that PMR was effective on physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart beat rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) and peak expiratory flow rate. Conclusion: Since PMR is effective in the management of many symptoms in COPD patients, it is recommended that that randomized controlled trials may be conducted to provide more evidence for the field.

Physical Activity and Obesity Levels of Visually Impaired Children

S�meyra Esra PINARBA�I, Filiz H�SAR — 2019-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the physical activity and obesity status of visually impaired students. Material and Methods: The universe of this descriptive study was consisted of the visually impaired primary and secondary school students who received education in 2015-2016 academic calendar in Ankara. The entire universe, 151 people in total, were targeted to reach, but, due to some reasons such as absenteeism, health problems, failure to get family�s permission, not being volunteer for the study; only 134 persons were provided to fill out questionnaire and screening form. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The average age of the visually impaired students was determined as 10.72 � 2.53, and the prevalence of obesity as 23.9%. The obesity rate was 25% in boys and 22.2% in girls. It was determined that obesity was more common among the students whose mothers were housewives, whose families had low income and consumed fast food. A positive correlation was determined between the ages of the children and obesity. While the obesity rate was 15% for those who went to a sports club, it was 27.7% for those who did not. Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in children with disabilities was higher than healthy children. The obesity rate was lower in children who spend time on physical activity. Visually impaired children, their families and teachers should be informed about the importance of obesity and physical activity and measures should be taken to reduce obesity rates.

Examining the Reproductive Health Behaviors of Women With Chronic Disease

Mesude DUMAN, Sermin T�MUR TA�HAN, Emine KAPLAN SER�N — 2019-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted to examine the reproductive health behaviors of women with chronic disease. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between 15 October 2016-15 October 2017 with 160 married women who applied to internal medicine outpatient clinics or were hospitalized in internal diseases clinics of a private hospital in Ad�yaman and were diagnosed with at least one chronic disease. During the study period, the total number of women with chronic disease in reproductive age who was applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinics and admitted to the internal clinics was 297. In the study, no sampling was performed and all women who met the sample selection criteria and accepted the study were included in the study. The data were collected using �Participant Information Form�. Percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used in statistical analysis. The necessary permission was received from the institution where the study was conducted and ethical approval was received from the Non-interventional Clinical Studies Ethics Committee. Results: 88.1% of the women who participated in the study reported that having a disease did not affect their decision of having a child in the future, 40% of them had pregnancy after being diagnosed with the illness, 63.8% of them had shortened the duration of breastfeeding due to their disease, 13.8% of them had a perinatal loss after the diagnosis and 10% of them reported that their sexual life was affected because of their illness. In addition, it was determined that 71.9% of women currently use a modern contraceptive method and 26.5% of women who use modern methods prefer condom. Conclusion: The study results showed that having a chronic disease did not affect the desire of having children, shortening the duration of breastfeeding and the high rate of contraceptive use in women with chronic disease. It is recommended that nurses should be more susceptible to possible reproductive health problems in women with chronic diseases, consider reproductive health problems more carefully and provide the necessary additional health care.

The Relationship Between Empathic Tendencies, Emotional Labor Behaviors and Burnout Levels of Pediatric Nurses

Gamze YILMAZ, G�lbeyaz BARAN DURMAZ — 2019-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the relationship between the empathic tendency, emotional labor behaviors, and burnout levels of pediatric nurses. Material and Methods: The study was carried out without any sample selection with 66 pediatric nurses working in hospitals in A�r� province center and in district hospitals with pediatric service and who agreed to participate in the study. "Introductory Information Form", "Empathic Tendency Scale", "Emotional Labor Scale" and "Maslach Burnout Scale" were used as data collection tools. Results: The average age of participating pediatric nurses was found to be 28.36�6.13. 54.5% of them were female, 60.6% of them were married, 62.1% had bachelor�s degree, 43.9% of them worked as a pediatric nurse for 2-5 years. It was determined that the pediatric nurses had moderate empathic inclination and used emotional effort and superficial behavior sub-dimensions more on emotional labor scale. It was found that the nurses experienced moderate burnout in the emotional exhaustion and desensitization sub-dimension and high-level burnout in personal success dimension. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between empathic tendency and average burnout scores of nurses and between superficial behavior and emotional exhaustion (p<0.05). Conclusion: High emphatic tendency and superficial behavior have been found to reduce burnout levels of pediatric nurses.

Determination of Women's Awareness and Practices on Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Neriman G�ZEL, Nurhan BAYRAKTAR — 2019-03-01

Aim: This study was conducted with descriptive design to determine the awareness and practices of women on the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty-two women employees in a foundation University were included in the study. The data were collected between December 2015 and February 2016 using the questionnaire titled �Determination of Women�s Awareness on Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer and Their Practices� which was developed according to the literature via self-administration method. Permissions were obtained from the University Human Research Ethics Committee in Social Sciences and the University Rectorate and informed consent was obtained from the women included in this study. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS Statistics 20 software. Frequency, percentage distribution, arithmetic mean, and chi-square test were used in data analyses. Results: Awareness and practices of the women on the early diagnosis of breast cancer were not inadequate level. It was found that being informed about the subject and having high education level had a positive effect on their awareness and practices regarding the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion: In line with the findings of the study, it was proposed to develop policies and studies aimed at improving women's awareness and practices on the subject.

Quality of Life of Persons With Colostomy: Problems and Nursing Interventions

Burcu DULUKLU, Sevilay �ENOL �EL�K — 2019-03-01

Colorectal cancers are one of the most common types of cancer in women and men and surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the treatment of these cancers. Due to the area of carcinoma, end-to-end anastomosis or colostomy is performed after resection. Colostomy, which is created to help individuals live longer and help them to return to a healthy and productive life, can also cause many physical, social, cognitive and emotional problems. These problems negatively affect the quality of life of persons with colostomy. This review article has been written in order to reveal the effects of stoma surgery on individual�s life and the nursing interventions for encountered problems after opening a stoma.

The Informed Consent in Children

Ay�e AY, Sevil �INAR, Handan BOZTEPE — 2019-03-01

Informed consent is defined as the process for people with decision-making competence to declare decision without being under any pressure after they have received and perceived the information about diagnosis and treatment methods and the benefits and risks of other practices that may be an alternative. It is becoming increasingly important for children to be informed about medical initiatives and receive their approval. In the current legal regulations, the authority to give consent is granted to individuals who are accepted as adults with the legal age limit. This can be conflict with the awareness of the autonomous entity of the child who is in vulnerable groups. The thoughts of children with discrimination power must also be considered in decisions jointly with parents. It is an indispensable ethical obligation for health personnel to make children whose cognitive status is adequate be included in the decision-making process. Moreover, children participation in the medical decision-making process also improves the communication between health personnel, parents and children. In order for pediatric nurses to increase the quality of care and to be aware of legal responsibilities, it is essential to adopt this notion that has gained importance in recent years for advocacy role of patient rights with great importance.

Tools Used in the Assessment of Health Literacy

Sultan SARIYAR, H�lya FIRAT KILI� — 2019-03-01

Health literacy is nowadays considered to be a vital determinant of health promotion. Today, health literacy has acquired greater importance as a result of the increase in access to information, elongation of human life, increased incidences of chronic disease and the search for changes in the healthcare services provided for chronic disorders. Individuals today are expected to have sufficient knowledge, awareness and ability to develop correct attitudes and behaviors about health, to better understand health workers, to take an active role in participation in health decisions and to benefit from higher quality health services. Therefore, it is important to determine the health literacy level of individuals, as this can play a key role for nurses in fulfilling the health education and counseling roles. The emergence of complex societies in the world, the continuous exposure of people to both accurate and inaccurate health information and encountering complex health and education systems make it difficult to determine the level of health literacy. Health literacy should be evaluated with reliable and valid measurement tools considering the cultural and social dimensions of individuals and measures should be taken according to the results and trainings should be planned. This review investigates the tools used in the measurement of health literacy levels in Turkey and the World, as well as their purposes and validity and reliability.

Planning of Culturally Sensitive Nursing Interventions of a Family Using Culturagram: Case Report

Ay�e MEYDANLIO�LU — 2019-03-01

The increase of multicultural individuals in our country has led to the necessity of nurses to provide adequate care specific to the culture. But it is very difficult for nurses to know the cultural dynamics of all the different cultural groups. For this reason it is more practical and useful for nurses to use a general approach in cultural evaluation. In this case, it was aimed to introduce the "Culturagram" which is a visual tool that enables nurses to evaluate the individual and the family from the cultural point of view. In this case, data of a woman who is Kyrgyz and lives in Turkey since 2010 and her family were taken using culturagram. As a result, it was determined that the woman attempted to be a Turkish citizen, did not have language problems, but had some health risks such as over-saturated fat consumption and treatment of diseases by traditional methods as cultural practice, and her children had concerns about foreign language learning, some sample nursing interventions were given. In conclusion, it is thought that the use of culturagram by students and nurses when working with family will be effective in understanding the cultural differences of the families as well as in strengthening of the families by providing family-specific nursing care.