Preterm births, which have high morbidity and mortality rates in the world and in our country, emerge as an important health problem. In recent years, the development of health technology has increased the survival rate of preterm infants but has also brought serious health problems. Problems such as retinopathy of prematurity, hearing loss, chronic pulmonary disease, cerebral palsy, neurological disorders, attention deficit and preterm osteopenia are frequently seen in preterm infants. These problems lead to long-term hospitalizations of preterm infants, increase in health care costs and psychosocial and economic problems in their parents. Preterm birth, preterm birth complications, long-term hospitalization, not being able to attend the infant’s care, not getting information about the infant, outpatient clinic visits/follow-ups after discharge, and lack of social support are among the major problems experienced by parents. Nurses have important responsibilities in preventing these problems encountered by parents. Nurses should determine the needs of families in this period and take supportive approaches. In this review article, it is aimed to draw attention to the health problems that may develop in preterm infants, the problems experienced by families with preterm infants and the nursing approach.